The entrenchment of abortion in different countries

Legalizing or not legalizing abortion is one of the most controversial subjects in the world. Arguments for and against abortion have taken religious, political and moral perspectives with the proponents and opponents giving substantive claims to support their arguments.The entrenchment of abortion in different countries’ constitution has raised resistance from the conservatives who claims that the laws are contradicting when they impose death penalty on individual convicted of murder while legalizing abortion is itself legalizes murder of unborn. Despite the ensuing arguments over the subject, it is clear that abortion is practices in every corner of the world regardless of whether it is legal or illegal.My thesis is that abortion should be legalized since illegalizing does not deter people from aborting and it deteriorates and risks life of women. Abortion can be defined as a premature expulsion of a human fetus, whether in naturally like in case of a miscarriage or artifici ally induced through the use of surgical or chemical equipment.However the controversy around the subject surrounds about 93% of the abortion cases which are carried out for elective, based on no medical reason.Abortion should be legalized in cases case where a woman has undergone a painful ordeal like rape or incest which may affect the whole of their live and bearing such a child will rekindle painful memories of the ordeal.With rising population of homeless people and street children and families, abortion should be legalized so that those who feel that they cannot raise their children are not compelled to give birth to children who they cannot support and will leave them to wander on the street. Even in countries where abortion has not been legalized, there are rising cases of backstreet abortion where many women lose their life.These and other facts support the reasons why abortion should be legalized. I once again restate that abortion should be legalized since illegalizing do es not deter people from aborting and it deteriorates and risks life of women.Why abortion should be legalizedMy first argument is that abortion should be legalized in case where a woman conceive after undergoing a painful ordeal like rape, incest, and other sex related ordeals. Such an ordeal is likely to haunt a woman for the rest of her life.Research has revealed that one out of every six case of rape or incest usually results to pregnancy. Apart from the danger of the mother contracting venereal disease which may affect fetal formation, women who give birth to children conceived in such circumstances are likely to suffer repeated emotionally every time they see that child since they remember the ordeal.Research reveals that more than 50% of pregnancies resulting from such cases are usually aborted all over the world where abortion is legalized or illegalized (Johnson, 2008). Most women turn to backstreet abortion while many are not likely to report pregnancy resulting from rapes and incest fearing stigma. Therefore, they end up undergoing crude methods of abortion where not one risking their health.   In order to save women from such ordeals, I feel that abortion should be legalized.My second argument supporting abortion is that there are many women who conceive when they have no means of bringing up the child.   Many women will enter into a relationship and when they conceive, their partners depart them.Some have no jobs or any economic means and they end up bearing children who are left to wander in the streets.   With the declining welfare supports, abortion should be legalized in order to save women from undergoing such ordeals which are likely to affect their life and that of their children.Research shows that more than 21% of the cases if abortions are related to women who are not ready for responsibilities while 11% are related to young pregnancies mostly to teenagers who cannot take responsibility for the children they bear (Johnson, 2008).Wo men should have the choice to decide carrying to full term pregnancies which they are prepared to handle and bring up the child in a good environment. I feel that abortion should be legalized in order to give women a chance to make choices of giving birth to children who they can take care.My third argument supporting abortion is that even in countries where abortion has been illegalized, people have not been deterred from performing abortion. In contrast to countries which are legalized where women seek abortion in hospitals, there are more people who are seeking abortion in backstreet clinics through crude methods risking their health. A study by Henshaw et al.(1999) showed there were more than 26 legal and 20 illegal abortions worldwide in 1999, concluding that stringent measures against legal abortion did not guaranteed low rate of abortion.Another study by Sedgh et al. (2007) concluded that the rate of abortion in countries where it is legalized has been decreasing with time. L egalized abortion help women to access safe abortion which is not detrimental to their health while illegalizing abortion expose women to health hazards. Therefore abortion should be legalized to help women access safe abortion.ConclusionAbortion remains a controversial subject in the world. My thesis is that abortion should be legalized since illegalizing abortion does not deter people from aborting and it exposes women to health risks. Abortion should be legalized for women who undergo painful ordeals like rape and incest which are likely to haunt them throughout their life.

How the practitioner should respond to parents Essay

P8. 1 In a setting it is very often that practitioners will receive enquiries from parents and carers. It is therefore important to respond in the appropriate way. It is very important to follow up any enquiries from parents as this will show them that you care about their concerns or questions. Every practitioner should show and reassure the parents that their opinions and circumstances matter and will always be addressed to. As a student practitioner with children, it is most likely necessary to refer parents to supervisors who they may be more acquainted with and who may be able to help them more in order to ensure best practice. As a practitioner, it is my role to know the policies and procedures of the setting as to what to do if parents ask for my advice or need help with a matter. This is important because it offers a professional approach and will show consistency in practice with all the other staff members. If I would not read the policies and procedures, it could show a lack of communication between practitioners and parents may lose respect or trust for the setting. Knowing the policies and procedures will also safeguard practitioners from any abuse or strange practice as they would have followed the correct procedures for the situation. It is important for practitioners to be aware that all parents have individual needs and circumstances thus needing an individual response. Whilst doing so, it is important to remember to carry out inclusive practice and not to judge or show any prejudice attitude, but instead to show genuine care and interest in helping them. A way in which practitioners can respond to parents is to make sure they know to make appointments for a set date to discuss matters unless it is an emergency. Practitioners must also maintain that they keep to this format and do not let parents change the procedures, as this would not be beneficial to anyone. In my setting A class teacher became very stressed when having to deal with a parent’s enquiry because the parent would not listen to the advice given to them. This then resulted in the other children of the class being unattended because the teacher was being harassed. There needs to be mutual respect and it is the practitioner’s role to instigate this in their speech and conduct. It is important for practitioners to know and understand their role in order to create the best environment for children and their families. It is important to know the policies and procedures, whilst also knowing their role so that they can be confident in their practice and will deal with matters rationally and professionally. Making a mistake in what their role involves can result in the harm to the children or legal action being taken. P8. 2When dealing with enquiries and information about children and their families, it is very important to maintain confidentiality and this can be executed by many ways. Any information should be stored correctly and safely and only shown to certain necessary adults on a need to know basis. If other adults who know the child want to know any information, it is important that I do not share it with them but tell them to ask the parents who are involved. That way, it is the parents’ right to tell anyone else or not, and I would be respecting that decision and it reflects a professional approach towards others in your practice. It is important to make sure there is no confidential information stored on display boards that strangers and other people could see. To make sure that there is no confusion as to what is confidential, there should be indication on letters, emails and in conversation about the need of confidentiality, therefore creating a safe environment for children and their families. Practitioners can also explain the importance of confidentiality to parents so that they can carry out the same practice in the setting and at home proving a high level of consistency and safety. A lot of the time it is difficult to maintain confidentiality whilst speaking on the phone as neither end of the conversation knows who could be listening. Therefore an effective way to ensure confidentiality is by making appointments to see practitioners or parents face to face in a private area so only the necessary adults are involved and there is less danger brought for the child. In order to maintain confidentiality in the setting, practitioners should provide a use passwords on computers and files so that important and personal information will not be shared with people who are not involved with the family, or who could become a danger to a child and their family. To ensure and maintain confidentiality it is important to not speak about the children in a public place where there are other parents that may know the child or who may be offended by teachers ‘gossiping’. It is also important for practitioners to make sure they don’t speak about children or their families with other practitioners for example students, or practitioners from other agencies and organisations. Whilst in my setting I showed ways to maintain confidentiality while carrying out observations on children; By not stating the child’s name for protection purposes or the settings details so that no traces can be brought back to the child because if it got into the wrong hands there could be serious problematic outcomes. Information that gets out could include medical issues and I would not want to cause any embarrassment to either the parents or the practitioners. Having this confidentiality helps to maintain the trust between the practitioners and the parents and this is very important because you want the parents to feel happy to leave their child in your care. I also made sure that one I finished my observation I put it straight into my back where no one else had access to it. If I allowed the situation for anyone else to get hold of the written observation, it could cause issues that other people would be part of. If any other parents pick it up for example, they now have specific information about another child and they could expose it to other people, causing tension between families and practitioners Lastly, I showed that I maintained confidentiality by only showing my observation to my supervisor in order for her to mark it for me which was a requirement as part of my unit 2 assignments. After it was signed it went straight into my bag in a secure place so I knew where it was at all times. P8. 3 There are many suitable ways to greet and welcome parents to provide inclusive practice and create a positive environment. Practitioners can provide welcome messages in a variety of languages which could include boards of different languages and teaching children phrases to say in other languages. Practitioners can provide a use of interpreters for parents and carers to be able to communicate with practitioners and to make them feel welcome and valued. To greet and welcome parents, practitioner can make it a positive experience by using positive body language, smiling and using kind words when greeting children and their families. It is important to have a positive start to the day and also a positive finish to the day as this will ive parents confidence that their children are being cared for and are in a stimulating and happy environment. As there will most likely be parents from other countries who have different customs, it is important for practitioners to find out how parents want to be addressed. This could mean using a certain title of their choice, or using a greeting from their home land. By finding out this information, practitioners can show they have genuine personal interest in the lives of the parents and this can have a very positive effect on parents who will be happy to leave their children in the care of the practitioners. Having approachable staff is of great importance as this can create a professional but relaxed atmosphere in the setting which will contribute to having positive feedback to the way parents are greeted. Ways that practitioners can show their positive attitude is by having good eye contact with parents and carers, which means listening to their concerns and opinions and responding in a way that will put them at ease. Part of the role of the practitioner includes being aware of cultural differences in gestures and greetings. This is vital because there could be a risk of offending parents and carers by the attitude or gestures that are portrayed in the setting when communicating. When working in an early years setting, there should be an unhurried approach towards the children and the queries of parents, showing them how much you value their opinion. This would mean even if your plans are to go home at that time.

Challenges That the Company Faces Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Challenges That the Company Faces - Essay Example This study stresses that  the company believes in innovating new types of products and services. Apple sells its products and services in different parts of the world. The company deals in electronic equipment industry. It is one of the strongest players in this industry. As per market capitalization Apple Inc became largest public trading company in 2014. In the electronic equipment industry new products and services are continuously developing. The companies in this industry use advanced technologies for developing innovative products. Apple wants to provide best experience to its customers by incorporating modern technology in its business and products.From this discussion it is clear that  Apple uses MR and MC for deciding the amount of goods it requires to produce. When the company thinks that MR is greater than MC then it produces one extra unit of output for getting additional revenue at a lower cost. But if the additional unit incurs more cost than the revenue it generate s, then the company prefers not to produce the extra unit of output (Hoag & Hoag, 2006). This condition arises when MR is less than MC. When MR=MC the company feels satisfied because at that stage it earns maximum amount of profit. This basic rule of profit maximization is followed by Apple. This profit maximization theory helps the firm in creating its strong position in the monopolistic market.  Apple Inc operates its business in different parts of the world and in various markets.

Examine the perspective that membership of the World Trade Essay

Examine the perspective that membership of the World Trade Organisation is beneficial for developing countries - Essay Example About two thirds of WTO’s around 150 members are developing countries (Rena 2012, p.77). Doha Round was launched mainly to address the needs and interests of Third World countries. The Least Developed Countries (LDCs) significantly contribute to the growth of the global economy because trade is an important tool for their development strategies. There is need to determine whether WTO membership benefits the developing countries or it just undermines the development in these countries. This paper explores whether the universal rules and regulations governing trade established by the WTO on the basis of free trade principles assist the developing countries. Indeed, WTO membership has enabled many developing countries involved to improve trade and develop. Some of the benefits of WTO membership that this paper will discuss include peacekeeping, economic growth, and increase in income. Notably, the WTO started operating in 1995 under the Marrakech Agreement as a replacement of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) that was developed in 1948 after the Second World War (Rena 2012, p.78). GATT was based on a series of trade negotiations with different themes known as rounds that aimed at reducing tariffs, non-tariff barriers (NTB) like quotas, embargoes and dumpling which were flooding foreign markets with commodities that cannot be sold domestically. Currently, the Doha Round launched in 2001 has been a long process with little progress because of differences of interests and perspectives between the developed and developing countries. This trade negotiation was developed to ensure that there is equitable participation of the developing countries (Dalal 2012, p.44). The WTO is focused on completing negotiations on the Doha Round to assist in addressing the concerns and interests of the Third World countries. For instance, the Doha Ministerial Declaration adopted in the same year stated that member countries commit

Zedong and Xiaoping Different Ideology and One Same Goal Essay

Zedong and Xiaoping Different Ideology and One Same Goal - Essay Example The turbulent period which has shaped China is brimming of reformists like Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping. Mao Zedong, born into a peasant family in Shaoshan, Hunan Province, is an advocate of Karl Marx and his idea in communism and the proletariat. Along with Zhou Enlai, Zhu De and Lin Biao, Mao Zedong was a founder-member of Chinese Communist Party (CPP) when it was established in 1921 (bbc.co.uk). Mao’s ushering into Marxism could be attributed to his devoted reading of Marx’s â€Å"The Communist Manifesto† while he worked in the University Library (bbc.co.uk). His early political career with CPP laid him in the Koumintang Nationalist Party as a political organizer. When Chiang Kai-Shek emerged as the new leader of Koumintang, after the death of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, he launched an â€Å"anti-communist purge†. Consequently, Mao led his followers and the communist Red Army in the legendary 6,000 mile retreat â€Å"Long March† to Northwest China â€Å"to establish a new base† (â€Å"Mao Zedong†). When Mao gained the upper hand after defeating Chiang in a civil war in 1949 (the year Mao proclaimed the founding of People’s Republic of China), he set out to â€Å"reshape Chinese society.† ... nd set out to reform and bring about economic growth and development which freed estimated â€Å"170 million peasants out of extreme poverty† by the early 1990s. Among the socio-economic reforms brought by Deng was the abolishment of rural agricultural communes tantamount to a condemnation of Mao’s Great Leap Forward: the giving of permit to city dwellers for them to start small-scale businesses, allowing ordinary Chinese citizen to buy consumer goods, the imposition of tough population controls that included forced abortions to limit families to one or two children, and inviting foreign investors to the country (â€Å"Reformer with an Iron Fist†). Deng also criticized Mao’s Cultural Revolution when it shut down schools and suck the student population â€Å"into the ubiquitous Red Guards† (â€Å"Reformer with an Iron Fist†). Although Deng’s affiliation with the left is as staunch as Mao’s, the two are at odds when it comes to ec onomic development. Mao’s tact ensconced in Great Leap Forward is juxtaposed by Deng’s liberalization of trade, commerce and industry in China. Mao’s personality exemplifies conservatism at a time when changes brought by the West trickles in Japanese soil and other countries in Asia. Mao headed China in manner somewhat regressive and insulated from the Western influence and urbanity. On the other hand, the progressivist and pragmatic brand of leadership which could be influenced by France – where he also developed in himself the idea of capitalism – Deng brought about urbanization and industrialization in China. It is interesting to note that Deng who is a central figure in CPP had suffered 3 overthrows in 1933, 1966 and on 1978 by his fellow revolutionaries when he attacked Mao’s ideology. Known to be a â€Å"capitalist roader†

Principles of marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Principles of marketing - Essay Example Goal setting phase sets the overall goals of the business. It requires outlining a mission and corporate objectives for the business (Egan & Thomas 2012). Newham College has a mission ?to expand and improve lifelong learning? (Newham 2007). To achieve this mission, Newham believes in ‘open access provision, relevant to the diverse range of needs in its local communities’ (Newham 2007). Its corporate goals include continuous capital investment to increase facilities for learning and enhance access to education. Over the last ten years it has invested ?15 million capital (Newham 2007)  to meet its goals directing its way towards mission attainment.   Situation review follows the goal setting phase. McDonald (2008) explained that the situation review is a sort of market analysis in which marketing audit needs to be performed, SWOT analysis is to be conducted and key assumptions are to be outlined. Jobber (2004) described five steps in completing a marketing audit as def ining the market, determining performance differentials, knowing the competitors, competitor analysis, and designing a strategic planning structure. Defining the market requires target market identification and segmentation to ease positioning. Pride and Ferrell (2008) regarded target market selection as one of the major areas in developing a marketing strategy. Initially, Newham College will target those secondary schools within 2 miles of Stratford, Inner London that have high or medium suitability. Appendix – II shares the list of schools in and around Stratford that form suitable target market for Newham College; the list is prepared based on the data made available by Guardian (2013) showing the data supplied by Department for Education 2010-13. The list shares number of pupils in the school, their gender, their age group, location of the school and its suitability as the target. Criterion for suitability is set to be the number of students regardless of the gender; the more the number of students in the school the more suitable it will be regarded as a target market as more number of students can be approached in a single go. Looking at the specifications of this target market positioning of Newham College can be decided and it should be more lively and career-oriented in which students do find a reason to study; SWOT analysis will further elaborate on which strengths Newham can focus on to get maximum enrolments from local schools. Next step in marketing audit is to determine the performance differentials; Botten (2009) explained that this step requires identifying submarkets offering entry point for the firm. For Newham those schools identified in Appendix-II list that have low suitability may offer subsector where Newham can position its products. Nonetheless the positioning will be based on the same points that are discussed later in the SWOT. Third and fourth step in marketing audit is ‘knowing the competitors’ and ‘competi tor’s analysis’. Competition in Stratford area is high when we see the number of colleges available for the students for further education because all the colleges are striving for the same students. There are colleges such as Whitechapel College, The Building Crafts College, University of East London, Interlink College of Technology, NewVic – Newham Sixth Form College, Tower Hamlets College, and Stratford-upon-Avon College. Now based on the courses offered by these colleges some

Transit Oriented Development, Cheltenham Racecourse Essay

Transit Oriented Development, Cheltenham Racecourse - Essay Example A new station will replace the old one and the location will be 200 meters from the present location moving south east. The new station will cater to the racecourse land which at present is not in use. The empty racecourse will be converted into a residential area of medium to high density population. The new station will be catering to a bigger area thus making the unused piece of land more alive. The proposal would include a children's playground and a pedestrian access to the train. Green space. with benches. that are arranged, would serve as the waiting area for the train commuters. A bicycle parking is also considered. Convenient stores are to be installed for a 24 hour services. A bus interchange coming from the Boulevards must be taken into consideration. Restrooms must be present in the area to encourage more commuters to use the station. Retail and commercial area would have a clear access from the Port road via Cheltenham Point and the residential area thereby, making it a friendly route thru a series of trees, landscape, walkable space with lushed trees that would serve as shade for walkers, thus bringing the site more closer and reachable making the area a site a more delightful place to live in. To meet the needs of the residents means providing them a safe and easily approachable setup thereby reducing their need to travel by cars. Creating a safe environment, is separating the rail line from the commercial and residential area with a screen of lined trees which will also reduce the noise that is generated by the traffic. There must be sufficient car parking and cycle parking near the retail area for the customers. In its zoning, the north side will be of mixed use and the south side is for retail, industrial and commercial purposes. There are major features of a Transit Oriented Development. These include the goals, and the mixed use of moderate to high density residential or commercial area, with close .proximity to public transport. It must be located with in 400 - 800 meter radius from the transit stop, and incorporates a design feature that encourages transit ridership, pedestrians and cyclists. In return, it would reduce car dependency, urban sprawl and traffic congestion that will assist in resolving global issues such as global warming and world oil depletion. Since Adelaide is one of the highest car dependent city in the world, transit oriented development will reduce the car dependency of the city. The reasons for car dependency is the lack efficient public transport and urban sprawl. Recent research had also shown that there is a strong link between the ease of use of public transport and the reduction of car dependency. Therefore, the low density suburbs and greater dispersion between employment reta il and service facilities make pedestrian accessibility and public transport less feasible. The key elements of TOD would be the mixed land use, pedestrian and cycling friendly design elements, and the convenience and efficiency of public transport system. These elements will contribute to the reduction of car usage. The methodology to be adopted in the implementation of TOD will be the reviewed literature on transit oriented development and the discussion of existing knowledge of the site. In the discussion of existing knowledge of the site, a review of current plans for site is necessary. Also included in the discussion is the examination of location of station with

Bonds and Interest Rates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bonds and Interest Rates - Essay Example When interest rates go up compared to the coupon rate, bond prices would fall in the market and when interest rates fall, bond prices would go up.   Bond price and interest rates have an inverse relationship. When interest rates go up compared to the coupon rate, bond prices would fall in the market and when interest rates fall, bond prices would go up.   2. The calculations involved with pricing a bond and a stock a) A bond is priced by converting the future cash flows from the coupon rate and the maturity payment to their present value. The discount rate for calculating the present value is the investor’s required yield.  The formula is shown below. An Excel worksheet has PV calculation as a built-in macro.  Bond Price =    C / (1+r)) + C / (1+r) 2 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦   C / (1+r) n    + M / (1+r) nWhere,    ‘C’ is the Coupon rate                          Ã¢â‚¬Ëœn’ are the number of payments         à ‚                 Ã¢â‚¬Ëœr’ is investor’s required yield  Ã‚                        M is the maturity value of the bond   Ã‚     b) The price of a stock is determined using the Dividend Discount Model where the future dividends to be paid out by the company are discounted to a present value. An assumption often made is that there would be a growth in the rate of payment of dividends as the company grows in the future.

Mexico Research Assignment Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mexico Assignment - Research Paper Example The Government of Mexico is a Federal Republic. Mexico accepts jurisdictions from ICCt with provisos. The official language of Mexico is Spanish. Mexico City is the largest city and capital of Mexico. Other major cities are Ecatepec, Puebla, Guadalajara, Monterrey, and Nezahualcoyotl. The currency of Mexico is Mexican peso (Central Intelligence Agency, 2012). Free market forces and privatization dominate the Mexican market. It is made up of modern as well as outmoded agriculture and industry. The per capita income of Mexican person is one third of that of U.S. According to CIA the Gross Domestic Product (Purchasing Power Parity) of Mexican economy is $1.683 trillion as of 2011. Being a member of NAFTA, Mexico enjoys the benefits of increased imports from the U.S; also Canadian imports have increased to 5%. Mexico also has made several free trade agreements with countries such as Japan, the European Free trade Area, El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala. Mexico has 1,724 airports which is the third largest in the world. It has one helicopter as of 2012. There are fifty two merchant marines. The ports and terminals of Mexico include Altamira, lazaro Cardenas, Salina Cruz, Dos Bocas terminal, Cayo Arcas terminal, Coatzacoalcos, Manzanillo, Altamira, and Veracruz. There are 19.892 million telephone users and 91.363 million cell phone users in Mexico as of 2009. There are 15.165 million internet hosts and 31.02 million internet users in mexico as of 2010 (Central Intelligence Agency, 2012). Roman Catholicism is the major religion of Mexican people. Other minorities are from other dominations of Christianity. The culture of Mexico is a blend of Mexican and Spanish traditions as an influence of Spanish rule over Mexico for over 300 years. Today, many traditions from U.S have been made part of the Mexican culture. Mexican tradition is a family oriented one with family values and norms being the top most priority. Major festive of Mexico include Cinco de Mayo which is ce lebrated on May 5th each year as a festive of freedom, liverty, and independence; El Grito de Independencia which is the official holiday (the Independence Day); Los Dias de Los Muertos which actually means Day of Dead but is a Mexican celebration of both living and dead. It is celebrated on November 1 and 2. Punctuality is not an issue as more stress is laid upon personal commitements. The time for appointments is between 10am and 1pm but late afternoon is always considered a second choice (Berg,1997). Like most of the cultures, business entertaining is an important part of Mexican lifestyle as well. Most of the business meetings take place at breakfast or at lunch and can go on for more than two hours. There is no rule as to what will be the highlight of business meetings; sometimes they talk about business sometimes not. But, it is a great chance to build up personal relationships. A large meal is served at breakfast, lunch, and dinner in Mexico with alcohol served at lunch and d inner time; but mostly it’s a norm of dinner time. Breakfasts at the hotel you staying are also common. Private home meetings are not the norm of Mexican society. The person who usually invites pays the bills but if you are a client and other party supplier it is best you pay the bills. Splitting bills is a poor strategy (World Business Culture). In Mexico, men are supposed to shake hands when meeting a person and then leaving but they should wait for the women to