George Washington s Farewell Address - 1158 Words

The first Americans casted their vote in 1788 with a unanimous support in favor of George Washington. Since then there has never been an undisputed presidential ruling. It was also the only time where factions weren’t prevalent. In George Washington’s Farewell Address, he states that, the alternate domination of one party over another and coinciding efforts to exact revenge upon their opponents have led to horrible atrocities, and is itself a frightful tyranny. But this leads at length to a more formal and permanent repression. From Washington s perspective and judgment, the tendency of political parties toward permanent despotism is because they eventually and gradually incline the minds of men to seek security and repose in the absolute power of an individual. Simply Washington is saying that political factions are inevitable in human nature, but to steer clear of hatred and power over others. Just as I agree with Washington, it is the peoples’ right to vote fo r their elected officials to make sure that permanent tyranny and in some cases dictatorships do not arise. I believe that Americans should be required to vote to for fill their true liberties and freedom. In many cases Americans’ like to argue their rights, and in many court cases they argue their freedoms are being taken away. Freedom is not turned on and off, and it should not be used at sometimes then abused at others. Take the Supreme Court case Hazelwood vs. Kuhlmeier, where a principal of Hazelwood EastShow MoreRelatedGeorge Washington s Farewell Address Essay1258 Words   |  6 PagesChase Williams US History to 1865 Dr. Lisa Crutchfield October 14, 2015 George Washington s Farewell Address, Primary Source Analysis George Washington’s Presidential Farewell Address consisted of three critical elements that were considered vital for the functional survival of the country that had just won its independence. On September 19, 1796, President Washington advised the nation to stand together as one united country, warned the people about the dangers of political parties and heRead MoreGeorge Washington s Farewell Address Essay1884 Words   |  8 Pages1796 that George Washington gave his â€Å"Farewell Address.† This profoundly important message is still read each year in the Senate. On September 19, 1796, US President George Washington published his Farewell Address to the nation of citizens. It was a thoroughly thoughtful analysis of our new nation, its needs for the future and his plans to decline to seek a third term as president. It was not delivered as a speech, but rather published in many newspapers and public venues. George Washington announcedRead MoreGeorge Washington s Farewell Address1996 Words   |  8 PagesIn George Washington s Farewell Address, Washington warns against the dangers of political factions by stating, â€Å"it occurs as matter of serious concern that any ground should have been furnished for characterizing parties by geographical discriminations, Northern and Southern, Atlantic and Western; whence designing men may endeavor to excite a belief that there is a real difference of local interests and views† (Washington). However, despite American leaders such as George Washington and James MadisonRead MoreAnalysis Of George Washington s Farewell Address1009 Words   |  5 PagesProblem: In 1789 George Washington’s Farewell Address contained one major piece of advice to the county regarding relations with other nations: â€Å"avoid entangling alliances.† Those words shaped United States foreign policy for more than a century (Policy Making, American Govern ment). Today some Americans think that Washington’s words are still wise ones, and that the United States (U.S.) should withdraw from world affairs whenever possible. In truth, however, the United States has been embroiledRead MoreAnalysis Of George Washington s Farewell Address954 Words   |  4 PagesThe document, George Washington, Farewell Address, was a letter written to the citizens of the United States of America. It allowed outgoing President Washington to give advice on how to maintain the nation after he was gone. He advised our politicians to act in good faith towards all nations and to make an effort to keep peace with other countries. He cautioned to remain connected to God, maintain high moral principles and to set a good example, one that is guided by a sense of justice and kindnessRead MoreGeorge Washington s Speech On Farewell Address831 Words   |  4 PagesAuthor: George Washington Title: Farewell Address a. Identify the document--what type of document is it (i.e. a letter, a newspaper article, etc.) and what year was it created? This document is a piece of George Washington’s final public address/speech as presidentRead MoreEconomic Prosperity : George Washington s Farewell Address1660 Words   |  7 PagesEsha Parikh Blanchard APUSH 2 16 January 2015 Economic Prosperity: 1898-1945: Prior to the 1890’s, the United States followed a foreign policy of seclusion to worldly matters. This idea stemming from George Washington’s Farewell Address to â€Å"avoid entangling alliances† became the foundation for American seclusion and detachment, a policy which resulted in this country being able to overcome tremendous internal difficulties facing the rising, fast-changing state of America. The Manifest Destiny enlargedRead MoreGeorge Washington Farewell Address Essay1663 Words   |  7 PagesGeorge Washington, a very famous man known as the first President of the United States of America, was born on the 22nd of February, 1732 in the colony of Bridges Creek, Virginia. (George Presidential Early Life sec.1 para.3) He was born into a wealthy, land-owning family and was a very political individual. Washington served as a Major in the Virginia militia and also fought in the French and Indian War from 1754 to 1763. In addition, Washington became a represen tative of the Virginia legislatureRead MoreThe Farewell Address Essay1422 Words   |  6 PagesGeorge Washington, a very famous man known as the first president of The United States of America was born on the 22nd of February in 1732 in Bridges Creek, a colony in Virginia. He was born into a wealthy, land-owning family and was a very political individual. George served as a major in the Virginia militia and also fought in the French and Indian War that occurred from 1754 to 1763. In addition, Washington became a representative of the Virginia Legislature where he was titled a commissionerRead MoreWashington s Farewell Address Analysis1375 Words   |  6 Pages Washington’s Farewell Address Analysis Jennifer Trammell GOVT 200 – C04 Instructor Barber Opening statement Washington’s Farewell Address The major document we will be analyzing in this paper is George Washington’s â€Å"Farewell Address†. This was a very important document of its time and in order to analyze it fully it would be helpful to know a little more insight on the writing of and the reason it was written. Who is George Washington? George Washington was born in 1732, he grew up

The Heart Of The Middle Of News - 984 Words

â€Å"Have you ever get the feeling of your heart stopping in the middle of news?†. Yeah, that was me, I was at the waiting room on the second floor of one of the hospitals in the city of Tyler. I had brought her because she was feeling bad. She was feeling extreme pain on her right side of her stomach, while being pregnant. I got so scared that I had to drive her down to the hospital knowing I did not have a license, but that did not stop me at that minute. Waiting on that big empty room is kind of scary no one comes, no one goes. The doctor comes in and looks at me, by the expression on his face I knew it was not something good. Well, my mother was diagnosed with kidney Infection while being seven months pregnant. It was a normal day like any other, my mom making lunch for dad and my brother before they went to work. I was making the beds and picking up dirty clothes from the bathroom baskets. The rest of my youngest siblings had left to school, you may wonder why I did not. I woke up that day feeling sick so I decided to stay in. It was about 12:00 pm and my mom told me she was feeling a little pain in her right side. I told her if she wanted me to call a doctor or if she need it anything, of course she said no. However, two hours later I hear a loud scream, I knew right away it was my mom. I run to the bathroom where she was, I ask her what was going on, with a scared to death face. My mom told me she could not handle the pain anymore; she could not even stand on her own.Show MoreRelatedLife At The Top : America Isn t Just Better, It s Longer1315 Words   |  6 Pagesindividuals that shares common features from an economic, behavioral view and ideological representation of the world around them. In the New York Times article, Life at the Top in America Isn t Just Better, It s Longer, Janny Scott highlights patients who experienced heart attacks and how they were treated at different medical clinics. Scott evaluates the upper class, middle class and working class and how it impact in people’s health and emergency care. Scott specifically points out the types of treatmentsRead MoreCoronary Heart Disease ( Chd )890 Words   |  4 PagesCoronary heart disease (CHD) is a common cardiovascular disease that occurs when the coronary arteries supplying blood to the heart muscles are narrowed or blocked by fatty materials build-up over time. There are 2 forms of coronary heart disease, angina and myocardial infarction. CHD results in 70,000 deaths each year, making it the single biggest cause of death in the UK. More than 2.3 million people are currently living with CHD (British Heart Foundation, 2014). CHD has always been wrongly perceivedRead MoreAssessment and Diagnosis1583 Words   |  7 Pageswindshield survey will also be discussed in this paper. Community Stapleton is a middle to low class neighborhood located in the heart of Staten Island close to St. Gorge Ferry. Stapleton is a diverse community that is very rich in culture. It is highly populated by African immigrants, African Americans, Hispanic’s, Albanians, Italians and few SRI Lankan’s. It consists of middle to low-income families. This area is great for new homebuyers as homes in this area are very affordable however many of its residentsRead MoreHeart Disease Is The Number One Leading Cause Death Of The United States936 Words   |  4 PagesHeart Disease is the number one leading cause of death in the United States. Anyone, including children, can develop heart disease. Heart Disease has three major categories that are used to describe Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), which affects the heart and the circulatory of blood being pumped into the heart (AHA, 2015). According to the Center for Disease and Control (CDC), Heart disease has consistently been the leading ca use of death for both US men and women since 1935(CDC, 2014), with men beingRead MoreEagle Academy for Young Men: The Philosophical and Practical Foundation of the NYC Exploration Club1191 Words   |  5 Pagesdesigned to expose the students to a wider variety of New York historical, cultural sites and events and to give them a basic understanding of the Mass Transit System. Many of our middle school scholars take the BX42 bus and the BX15 bus, but could not tell you the BX42 ran from the Northern Bronx to the South Bronx, or that the BX15 bus ran from upper Harlem in to the South Bronx. Many were also unaware of the rich diversity of the cultural history of New York. The program reinforces the lessons taughtRead MoreMiddle Adulthood as a Twentieth Century Phenomenon in Western Culture1727 Words   |  7 PagesMiddle Adulthood as a Twentieth Century Phenomenon in Western Culture Middle adulthood is a 20th century phenomenon in Western culture. In 1900, the average life expectancy was 47 years, but now life expectancy has increased- people are living longer and more professionals are studying life during this age period. Between the ages of 35-64, there are vast changes inRead MoreMiddle Range Nursing Theories Are Abstract, Testable Theories That Contain A Limited Number Of Variables1245 Words   |  5 PagesMiddle Range Nursing Theory Middle range nursing theories are abstract, testable theories that contain a limited number of variables. According to Chinn and Kramer (2011), middle range nursing theories can lead to new practice approaches as well as examine factors that influence the desired outcomes in nursing practice. One beneficial and widely used middle range nursing theory is the theory of unpleasant symptoms, developed collaboratively by Lenz, Pugh, Milligan, Gift, and Suppe in 1995. TheRead MoreAnalysis Of Christopher Doob s The First Edition Of Social Inequality And Social Stratification 1119 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent social classes experiencing heart attacks. The first guy that had a heart attack was of the upper middle class. This man had the luxury of giving multiple options of attending the best hospital and care for his health. In chapter five heading the Hierarchy: Upper Class or Superclass? The conclusion states, â€Å"Best positioned within the class structure to obtain high-quality financial capital and also social capital†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Doob, 142). The first guy with the heart attack has a better advantage becauseRead MoreMyocardial Infarction Is The Technical Name For A Heart Attack1703 Words   |  7 Pagesinfarction is the technical name for a heart attack, is the damage and death of heart muscle from the sudden blockage of a coronary artery by a blood clot. Coronary arteries are blood vessels that supply the heart muscle with blood and o xygen. Blockage of a coronary artery deprives the heart muscle of blood and oxygen, causing injury to the heart muscle. Injury to the heart muscle causes chest pain and chest pressure sensation. If blood flow is not restored to the heart muscle within 20 to 40 minutes, irreversibleRead MoreTechnology : Benefits And Risks Of The Technology Essay1051 Words   |  5 Pagesin implantable medical devices (IMD) on cybersecurity in the Healthcare industry. This critical industry requires that new applications are thoroughly tested for vulnerability’s to prevent the devices from being compromised. While IMDs have been around since 1958 (Eisenberg, 2014), IMDs have not been used to automatically administer medication on a timed schedule before. This new use of IMDs could lead to helping patients with diabetes by automatically testing insulin levels and administering medicine

Jims Compassion In Huck Finn Essay Example For Students

Jims Compassion In Huck Finn Essay Throughout all of his adventures Jim shows compassion as his most prominent trait. He makes the reader aware of his many superstitions and Jim exhibits gullibility in the sense that he Jim always assumes the other characters in the book will not take advantage of him. One incident proving that Jim acts naive occurs halfway through the novel, when the Duke first comes into the scene By right I am a duke! Jims eyes bugged out when he heard that ; In the novel, Huck Finn, one can legitimately prove that compassion, superstitious and gullibility illustrate Jims character perfectly. To begin with, among the many characteristics of Jim, his compassionate nature shows throughout the book. When Huck and Jim come across the floating boathouse, Jim finds a dead man inside. He advises Huck not to look as he says, Its a dead man dead two er three days come in Huck, but doan look at his face. At the end of the book the reader finds out that the dead man turns out as Hucks father. Further on down the river, Huck and Jim engage in a deep conversation. Jim speaks of the family he feels he has left behind. Jim tries hard to save up all his money in hopes of buying back his wife and children when he becomes a free man. He expresses that he feels terrible for leaving behind his family and misses them very much. As a result, Huck feels responsible and guilty for ruining Jims freedom. Huck decides that he wants to reveal the truth, that Jim really isnt a free man. His conscience tells him not to and instead he finds himself helping Jim rather than giving him up. Jim feels so thankful to Huck when he says . . .its all on account of Huck, Is a free man, yous the best friend Jims ever had Even further along, Huck becomes separated from Jim and living at the Grangerfords. Huck doesnt know if hell ever see Jim again. He also doesnt realize Jim has found a hiding spot not very far away. He asks one of the Grangferfords slaves about Hucks condition and how well the lifestyle of the Grangerfords suites him. A slave reunites Jim and Huck and Huck proceeds to ask, Why didnt you tell my Jack to fetch me here sooner, Jim? Jim replies, Well, twarnt no use to sturb you, Huck He would rather let Huck have his fun while he can. Throughout the book Jim acts as the most caring character, especially towards Huck. Luckily, the two men, devote everything they can to surviving this adventure and it shows that they care for one-another very much. Not only does the novel show Jim as compassionate but, it also portrays him as superstitious. For instance, he believes the reasoning behind the bad luck relates to Huck touching a snakeskin. You said it was the worst bad luck in the world to touch a snakeskin with my hands. Equally important Jim believes hairy arms and chests leads to wealth. Ef yous got hairy arms en a hairy breas, its a sign dat yous a gwyne to be rich. Furthermore, the sight of birds flying overhead produces rain. Some young birds come along, flying a yard or two at a time and lightning. Jim said it was a sign it was going to rain. Another situation where Jim shows superstition includes, And Jim said you musnt count the things you have for dinner because that would bring you bad luck. The same if you shook the tablecloth after sundown. These superstitions prove just how crazy Jim acts. .u832e25a2e919d5df057a6b660f159b7b , .u832e25a2e919d5df057a6b660f159b7b .postImageUrl , .u832e25a2e919d5df057a6b660f159b7b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u832e25a2e919d5df057a6b660f159b7b , .u832e25a2e919d5df057a6b660f159b7b:hover , .u832e25a2e919d5df057a6b660f159b7b:visited , .u832e25a2e919d5df057a6b660f159b7b:active { border:0!important; } .u832e25a2e919d5df057a6b660f159b7b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u832e25a2e919d5df057a6b660f159b7b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u832e25a2e919d5df057a6b660f159b7b:active , .u832e25a2e919d5df057a6b660f159b7b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u832e25a2e919d5df057a6b660f159b7b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u832e25a2e919d5df057a6b660f159b7b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u832e25a2e919d5df057a6b660f159b7b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u832e25a2e919d5df057a6b660f159b7b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u832e25a2e919d5df057a6b660f159b7b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u832e25a2e919d5df057a6b660f159b7b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u832e25a2e919d5df057a6b660f159b7b .u832e25a2e919d5df057a6b660f159b7b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u832e25a2e919d5df057a6b660f159b7b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Drug Abuse Essay In addition to Jims superstitious nature, throughout the novel he also demonstrates gullibility. A good example of this naivete begins when Huck appears to Jim in a supernatural form. Doan hurt me-dont I haint ever done no harm to a ghos. Late one night the fog separates Huck and Jim on the river causing him great confusion. Well, den, I reckn I did dream it, Huck; but dogs my cats ef it aint de powerfulest dream I ever see. Another event showing his gullibility takes place when the King .

Programmable Logic Controller in Mineral

Question: Discucss about the Programmable Logic Controller in Mineral Processing. Answer: Introduction With advent in technology the automation processes have also changed and developed so far. Automation processes are used to control the various systems and related technologies in an industry so as to provide better and efficient mechanism in respect to time and cost. These kinds of automation techniques introduce PLC that is Programmable Logic Controller in to the system. This report deals with a PLC system and its working in mineral processing industry throwing light on its mechanism along with its sensors acting as the inputs while the valves are being used as output of the system. To provide a wider detail and understanding for the topic the report has been sectioned properly. The report has been divided into parts including stages in Mineral processing, PLC in Automation process, PLC Architecture and its working. Automation process There are various control system implemented in automation such as HMI controller, DCS control system, PC control System and PLC control System. The report focuses on the PLC system in mineral processing. Programmable Logic Controller A PLC or Programmable Logic controller can be called a digital computer working for the automation of the electromechanical processes. These are much different from the general computer as they are specifically designed for the various inputs and outputs, having high resistance to the electrical noise, impacts and vibrations (Kiran 2013). Basically, the system reads its input and reverts back by putting the output section on or off. The programs on basis of which the automation process goes on is written and saved up in the backup or non-volatile memory. The process has to present the results based on the inputs in accordance to the time to avoid unintended operation. Thus it can be called an absolute real-time system. It has been considered so important because it is an intelligent piece of software which can take place of the numerous relays at once (Wang and Wu 2016). The PLCs are designed and programmed very smartly to deal with the machines precisely and efficiently without any chances of miscalculations avoiding any high erroneous cost. The PLC is advantageous for complex networking capabilities and motion control. Mineral Processing Mineral processing is the separation process of vital minerals from their ores. These processes go through several stages to achieve the desired output. The steps involve size reduction, size control, enrichment, upgrading and handling (Lessard, de Bakker and McHugh 2014). The several stages namely are comminution, sizing, concentration, gravity concentration, froth floatation, electrostatic separation, magnetic separation and automated ore sorting. The whole process is considered along with its economic feasibility. The flow chart can be depicted as follow for the following processes: Fig 1: Mineral Processing Source: (Created by Author) Comminution: it is the process for reducing the larger solid materials into average to small size particles by crushing or grinding. This is done so as to easily extract the minerals from the ores with clean particles. Generally three types of procedures is used that is impact, compression and attrition. Sizing: it is a general process of separation of particles according to its sizes. This is done by passing the particles from various screens such as wedge wire screens, grizzles, multi-deck screens and many more. Several parameters are considered for using the right sizing method like aperture size, presences of other materials, shape and orientation. Concentration: it can be described as amount of moles of solute in a measured volume of solution. This is used to increase the concentration of any required mineral depending on its physicals and chemical properties. Gravity concentration: It is a separation process to extract the minerals from its mixture on the basis of their specific gravity. This is preceded with the classification of particle size, weight and shape. Froth-floatation: this works with the theory of surface chemistry of particles which differs from particle to particle. The driving theory for this method is change in surface free energy (Paxton 2016). The pulp is introduced with the bubbles which rises up and then collected later from the surface. Electrostatic separation: Two different types of electrostatic separators or electrodynamics separators are used. The charged anode is passed with the stream of particles. The conducting particles are attracted towards the plate pulling away from the streams and get separated this way. Magnetic separation: as the name suggest this process works with help of magnetic field. The particles are passed into magnetic field which experiences the magnetic effect and gets separated accordingly. The process can be run with or without water. The separation takes place in accordance with gradient or the strength of the magnetic field. Automated Ore processing: this process works with help of automated separation method s performed by the sensors (Morkun and Tron 2014). Automated optical sensors exploit particles materialistic properties and perform sorting with respect to that. PLC included in the processing makes the processing more efficient and less time and labor consumption. PLC system Architecture A PLC system has three layered architecture including Environmental model, Software model and hardware model. The software model contains all the application programs. It is constructed as a separate component. Functions or the function blocks are called by the main program saved in the software (Kaluz 2015). The nested functions or function blocks can other blocks too. The calling port has a calling program installed which broadcasts the signals. It checks for the called function by check and trial that is it tries matching the called function with the name of the components connected. Interrupts are also handled by the PLC which is modeled into a separate component. Along with these, timer is also aligned as a separate component. Call port arouses the component with the start of the timer. The layer after this is the abstraction model. Features of a PLC for example interruption handling and the cyclic execution is handled and simulated in this layer (Theorin 2015). For a better functioning of the PLC the third layer comprises of the controlled devices. Sensors are available to collect data from the environment. Interrupt events such as communication interrupt, clock interrupt, alarm interrupt are all modeled like components of the environment. Working of a PLC Three cyclical stages include the working of the PLC. The First stage involves scanning of the signals receiving from the sensors. These signals are stored into the input registers. Through which the instruction are read from the memory and executed (Kufoalor 2014). At last after this, the output registers stores the data for the actuators. PLC acts as the most important component of this process. The whole process is controlled with help of its programmed memory. Ladder logic is used here to control several machineries and outputs involved. It provides the whole process a smooth flow and low accident rate at higher speed and accuracy. The PLC is a form of solid state device which makes it a powerful controller. The PLC works more efficiently with the Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA). This SCADA works on the computer which helps in controlling the PLC (Belekar and Desai 2014). The first aspect of this process is HMI that Human Machine Interface software. It acts like a control panel which helps in operating the PLC through computers. It ahs numeric keys and screen displaying the text where an operator can on or off from the interface itself. Inputs The Input module takes up the signals given through sensors. This includes float switch, start/ stop switch, proximity sensors, position sensors, conveyer switches and others. Pushing of the start button or clicking on the run in the interface allows the machines to start on. The relay gets engaged and it further energizes the switch to put the motors of the machineries on. These kinds of machineries are bulky and run on very high voltage. Exposure of any worker to such a high voltage may be very dangerous and prove fatal if working manually with the switches (Belekar 2014). The controller locks the respective gates of the machineries with the electromagnets and does not let any interventions until unless the stop button is pressed which de-energizes the lock. Controller Controller or the central processing unit is a simple processor here which takes the set of program as input and controls the entire process. It solves the program step by step and updates the final output status (Bolton 2015). Programmer Programmer or operator uses this programmer device to update or edit the controller working process. This can be a personal computer, handheld unit or computer programming terminal. This gives access in customizing the process in accordance to the requirements (Biallas 2014). Output Taking the on/off message as the input the processor starts solving the ladder logic program in accordance to the given information. The controller signals are converted into the output signals by this module (Dixit 2015). The output from the PLC controls synchronous motor for the running of the rotator conveyer with the ores or crushed minerals on it in the separation process. Functioning of the PLC The system is manually fed from the computers for the inputs which are passed to the programming port. The system automatically takes in the input with the program already saved in the programming console (Hoaglund and Birkenfeld 2014). Sometimes the input is also provided through hand-held terminals. This terminal takes the data and passes it to the programming port. The processors process the whole input and program. The ladder logic is run at this time and passes electrical instructions to the machineries to start or stop accordingly (Dixit 2015). After the time span for the process is over the machine gets the next step update. The PLC may ask the system to stop the process or it may continue again. The relay output, triac output and transistor that are received are only manipulated as the mechanical output. The internal processing in the PLC also contains internal bus, CPU, and User memory (Bolton 2015). The processed data results into output. The output module contains attached contractors, solenoid and alarms. Fig 2: Block Diagram of PLC Source: (Created by the Author) On the basis of the above block diagram one can design the transfer function of the following considering the input flow into the system and the output flow of the system which can be derived with help of Laplace Transform. This can be solved using simple algebraic variables or manipulation of differential equation. Conclusion Complex embedded System has to be verified through the computer-aided verification. The system has to be faithful to the process. It should run accurately with the right measurements. The loops for feedbacks should be taken under consideration for the later processes. PLC architecture and the working described are universal for every PLC system. The source code consistency with the model is ensured through automatic translation. PLCs have better memory and processor power. Management of this system through SCADA saves more time making oit more efficient and effective. References Belekar, S.B., Desai, A.A., Parit, M.H. and Dakre, A., 2014. PLC SCADA based Distribution Monitoring Control. Biallas, S., Kowalewski, S., Stattelmann, S. and Schlich, B., 2014. Efficient handling of states in abstract interpretation of industrial programmable logic controller code.IFAC Proceedings Volumes,47(2), pp.400-405. Bolton, W., 2015.Programmable logic controllers. Newnes. Dixit, A., Mendiratta, R., Choudhary, T. and Kumari, N., 2015. Review Paper on PLC Its Application In Automation Plants. Gavali, A. B., S. A. Patil, and A. R. Koli. "Technology-Based Learning system in Programmable Logic Controller Education." InTechnology for Education (T4E), 2016 IEEE Eighth International Conference on, pp. 264-265. IEEE, 2016. Hoaglund, A., Birkenfeld, K. and Box, J., 2014. Professional learning communities: Creating a foundation for collaboration skills in pre-service teachers.Education,134(4), pp.521-528. Hoaglund, A.,Birkenfeld, K. and Box, J.,2014.Professional learning communities: Creating a foundation for collaboration skills in pre-service teachers.Education,134(4), pp.521-528. Kaluz, M., Garcia-Zubia, J., Fikar, M. and ?irka, ?., 2015. A flexible and configurable architecture for automatic control remote laboratories.IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies,8(3), pp.299-310.. Kiran, A.R., Sundeep, B.V., Vardhan, C.S. and Mathews, N., 2013. The principle of programmable logic controller and its role in automation.International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology,4(3), pp.500-502. Kufoalor, D.K.M., Richter, S., Imsland, L., Johansen, T.A., Morari, M. and Eikrem, G.O., 2014, June. Embedded model predictive control on a PLC using a primal-dual first-order method for a subsea separation process. InControl and Automation (MED), 2014 22nd Mediterranean Conference of(pp. 368-373). IEEE. Lessard, J., de Bakker, J. and McHugh, L., 2014. Development of ore sorting and its impact on mineral processing economics.Minerals Engineering,65, pp.88-97. Morkun, V. and Tron, V., 2014. Ore preparation multi-criteria energy-efficient automated control with considering the ecological and economic factors.Metallurgical and Mining Industry,5, pp.4-7 Paxton, R.G., Cydaf Technologies Limited, 2016.Apparatus for separation and processing of materials. U.S. Patent 9,370,753. Wang, C.H. and Wu, H.S., 2016. A novel framework to evaluate programmable logic controllers: A fuzzy MCDM perspective.Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing,27(2), pp.315-324.

Social media impact on marketing HM free essay sample

Social media is a term for a wide variety of tools and applications that give the Web its social capabilities – capabilities that allow the community to come together, communicate, and build upon each other’s opinions and ideas. Social media applications and tools are numerous and include e-mail, instant messaging, blogs and video blogs, internet forums and message boards, social networking sites and applications. All of them have become popular because of the practical, social and psychological benefits they provide. Before the popularization of the social media, companies reached their audience in a straightforward manner. The most prominent means of communicating a message was through banner and display ads placed in key areas of web sites. Today, while banner ads are still a high viable mean of web marketing, social media has created a numerous other opportunities for marketers to identify and reach their audience. Consumers of social media, unlike consumers of traditional media, can interact instantly and directly with either the originators or the authors of the uploaded information. We will write a custom essay sample on Social media impact on marketing: HM or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They can interact with each other, too. The interaction and cross-communication that social media makes possible is precisely what makes social media so world-changing. Social media offers a business some benefits that no other form of public interface does: the ability to monitor public perception of its brand, products, and services in real time. And although the business benefit of social media is indirect – the effect of social media advertising cannot be easily measured in relation to sales, it is mainly directed to customer â€Å"identification† with the company and its products. Identification is critical: from it grows online interaction, and from online interaction grows customer loyalty. Furthermore, people feel more connected with a company when they have direct communication on an ongoing basis and opportunity to express their opinion. The statement that social media is important in marketing is proved by the fact that 94% of the marketers indicate that they employ social media for marketing purposes and 83% indicate that social media is very important for their businesses (as at 2012). Other main benefits that social media provides to marketers are: Cost efficiency: Social media tools allow marketers without large advertising budgets reach a target audience. If a message is crafted correctly, marketers can often rely on the audience to spread the word for them, sparing marketers the high cost of ad placement. Broad visibility: If desired marketers can reach a broad and general audience through social media. According to Patton â€Å"social media presents tremendous opportunities for networking, collaborating, sharing best practices, communicating and connecting to a nearly unlimited pool of people with similar needs and wants†. Narrow visibility: Similarly, marketers can reach more narrowly defined audiences through vertical or niche outlets that reach a specific market demographic. Pulse of the market: By paying attention to the blogosphere (the blogging community as a whole), social media trends, and user opinions, marketers can track how users feel about their brands. Marketers can take this information and develop their business and marketing plans to respond effectively. Increased trust: By allowing consumers to express public opinions – about their brands through social media, marketers can gain the trust of their audience, who want to believe that the brands they buy will be responsive for their needs. Self-made community: Brands can use social media applications to create their own online communities. Marketers build strong connections to their brands by giving people news, product updates, information, and the ability to express themselves. Increased revenue: Ultimately, the increased visibility and interaction with consumers should lead to increased revenue and sales. Social media allows audiences and marketers to interact in ways that they have never been able to before, leading not only to more effective marketing, but also to better service and improved understanding about what each has to offer the other. Social media marketing is the utilization of social media specifically as a marketing vehicle, and typically falls into one of three categories: Public Relations: As more news are generated by users and traditional news are increasingly spread through online communities, public relations professionals are looking to social media to get their message to their target audience. To do this, news must be trustworthy and valuable to the reader, or it risks getting lost or ignored in the crowded social media universe. Marketing Content Generation: Blogs, videos, and other content created for a marketing purpose need to be crafted in such a way that they will be relevant to the desired audience. Although not necessarily as news-oriented as the information distributed via traditional public relations methods, brand-generated content must still be compelling in order to capture readers’ attention via social media networks. Viral Messaging: Viral messaging campaigns are typically shocking or unusually entertaining videos (or sometimes, text) that pique such a high level of interest in an audience that people feel compelled to pass the file or information on through e-mail, social media networks, or other means. In instances where the content is particularly engaging or entertaining, viral messages can make their way to millions of people in an extraordinarily short period of time. There even is a marketing strategy called social media optimization which encourages people, companies and organizations to get their content distributed as widely as possible throughout the social media universe. This strategy is based on the idea that marketing is more effective when seen by more people; therefore, marketers and content developers work to spread their messages through a multitude of social media networks. In fact, social media is used not only in Business-to-Consumer marketing, but in Business-to Business marketing although B2B marketing focuses more on the tools LinkedIn, Twitter and blogging. 2. Major social media tools Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, blogs and YouTube were the top five social media tools used by marketers, in that order. They were followed by Google Plus and photo sharing sites like Instagram. a. Facebook Facebook is the social networking leader with more than 500 million users in early 2011. Competing with the likes of Google and YouTube for visitors but dominating both in terms of activity and length of time, Facebook allows users to build their own profile and connect with other users. With a profile the users can add video, images, recent purchases, status updates, location check-ins and discussions with friends. Facebook allows businesses to create a profile page for the business. Businesses can interact with their fans the same way that users can interact with each other. Businesses can communicate with their fans through the Facebook email and allow fans to upload images and pictures and provide information or promotions specifically through Facebook. Loyalty, retention programs, and branding dominate the business usage of Facebook, because very few are using it to acquire new customers because it is rare for people to â€Å"like† a company in Facebook until they have done business with them. For retention, Facebook creates an easy communication channel by allowing businesses to send updates to their fan base, as well as send innovations and messages. b. Twitter Twitter is a social networking site. This platform allows anyone with an account to post short messages. To tailor the onslaught of messages being broadcast from the â€Å"Twitter-sphere† of 200 million current Twitter subscribers, users can create lists of those they wish to â€Å"follow† so they only receive Twitter feeds from those they select. Thus, consumers can â€Å"follow† their favorite brands and be exposed to different advertisements. Twitter also has various phone applications so consumers may be reached whenever and wherever they are. c. YouTube YouTube, which was founded in 2005, burst on the scene as a video-sharing service. It allows users to create an account, upload videos, and simply send a link to the video rather than the video itself. Without having actually to send a video, the speed of sharing increased significantly, as well as the access to the videos. Five years later YouTube’s success was astonishing – it had more than 2 billion views a day, it was the third most viewed website, and 24 hours of video were uploaded every minute. Hence, companies, which wanted to reached people considered YouTube as well. d. Google Plus Google Plus is a multilingual social networking and identity service owned and operated by Google Inc. It was launched on June 28, 2011 and within four weeks of its launch, the number of Google+ users shot up to 18 million. Google plus enables the user to separate his contacts according to different groups they fall into, thus creating different ‘Circles’. This is extremely helpful on the commercial front aside from being of immense importance in the social context. A businessman will be able to group his clients according to their chosen product /service preference. They would most certainly appreciate not being flooded with information and promotional news or offers about products and services they have no interest in. Thus, only relevant information need be shared with each of these contacts apart from the common message pool. Social media tools and the power they yield in bringing communities together have been a boon for marketers. By adding these tools to their own Web sites and by marketing their brands through social media networks using site optimization techniques and the direct inclusion of new content, marketers have contributed to the rise of social media and have been able to expand the reach of their message. Now let us focus on the example of HM Hennes Mauritz AB, a company with a strong and effective marketing strategy, and how it implements the social media to increase its value to customers. II. Case study: HM Hennes Mauritz AB (HM) is a Swedish multinational retail-clothing company offering collections for ladies, men, young ladies and men, accessories and a full children’s department which features quality clothing starting at newborn up to kids age 14. From a single womenswear store in 1947, to a global company offering fashion for the whole family, and their home, under the brand names of HM, COS, Monki, Weekday, Cheap Monday, Other Stories and HM Home. Today HM has around 104,000 employees and around 2,800 stores which are spread across 49 markets. 1. HM’s business concept HM’s business concept is to give the customer unbeatable value by offering fashion and quality at the best price. Its own designers interpret the latest fashion trends and create collections that are accessible to all. HM ensures the best price by: having few middlemen having a broad, in-depth knowledge of design, fashion and textiles buying the right products from the right markets being cost-conscious at every stage HM is driven by seven important core values: Keep it simple Straight forward and open-minded Constant improvement Entrepreneurial spirit Cost conscious Team work Belief in people Quality is a central issue, from initial idea to final product. Their quality testing is extensive. They also work hard to make sure goods are produced with the least possible environmental impact and under good working conditions. HM does not own any factories. Production is outsourced to independent suppliers, primarily in Asia and Europe, through HM’s local production offices. Nor does HM own any of its stores. Instead HM rents store space from international and local landlords. HM’s growth target is to increase the number of stores by 10–15 percent per year, and at the same time increase sales in comparable units. This growth, which is entirely self-financed, will proceed with an emphasis on quality, sustainability and continued high profitability. Target market The target customers of HM belong to the group of fashionable and trendy consumers who see shopping as a social activity providing pleasure in their daily life. They acquire the most fashionable clothes each season and want to follow the trends without investing a lot of money. In order to fulfill the needs of the customers, HM launched EDLP (Every Day Low Prices) products. In addition, they invited the top fashion designers in the industry such as Karl Lagerfeld to be their partners for designing the new collection. As a result, HM is successful in making the combination of the best design under the name of an inexpensive clothing label. 2. Vision and policy HM aims to offer fashion and quality at the best price. In doing this, the company has an impact on the world around us. Quality includes ensuring that products are manufactured in a way that is environmentally and socially sustainable. Thus, according to its sustainability vision, HM’s business operations aim to be run in a way that is economically, socially and environmentally sustainable. By sustainable, they mean that the needs of both present and future generations must be fulfilled. All HM’s activities are based on a drive for continuous improvement. It has a responsibility towards everyone who contributes to its success, including those who are not employees of HM. That is why they work closely with their suppliers to develop sustainable social and environmental standards in the factories that manufacture HM’s products. They have to ensure that their employees’ human rights are not violated, and the same applies to employees of their suppliers and other co-operation partners, and to their customers. The company applies the precautionary principle in its environmental work and has adopted a preventative approach with the substitution of hazardous chemicals. It strives to use resources as efficiently as possible and to minimize waste. By adopting new technologies and methods, it can work preventatively to minimize its environmental footprint through improved production processes and its choice of materials. It must continuously review the company’s goals and strategies to reduce the company’s climate impact. The company’s decisions are based on careful consideration, where shorter or longer-term environmental benefits are weighed up in order to ensure that it chooses solutions that are sustainable in the long term. It wants to be a good global citizen and act responsibly in its business relations. It takes a clear stand against all forms of corruption. It engages in dialogue with all its various stakeholders to build trust in its operations within the environment it relies on for its long-term success. 3. Sustainability Strategy HM Conscious is the name for all HM’s work for a more sustainable fashion future. It is an approach to managing its business based on the vision that all its operations should be run in a way that is economically, socially and environmentally sustainable. This means that the needs of both present and future generations should be respected in everything that it does. People, planet and profit: at HM, they believe that being fully aware of the interconnected nature of these three elements is the key to the long-term success of their business. In order to help them achieve its vision, they have broken it down into seven strategic, long-term commitments. These commitments are an integral element of HM’s business strategy and they cover every stage of its product life cycle, from designing its fashion to how its customers care for the garments they buy. Based on constant dialogue with its external stakeholders and the colleagues across the business, they have built a process to identify and prioritize the actions that they need to take over the short and medium term to help them meet each of these long-term commitments. HM calls all these its Conscious Actions. Throughout the year they monitor the progress they make towards completing these actions, review and improve their methods and add more actions as their understanding of how to fulfill their commitments improves. 4. Responsible marketing HM communicates its business idea of fashion and quality at the best price through the various advertising campaigns they produce each year throughout the world. HM’s marketing has a major impact and it is essential for them to convey a positive image. HM’s advertising images do not aim to communicate any specific ideal, but rather a range of styles and attitudes. HM’s advertising campaigns are produced centrally in Sweden by HM’s marketing department in cooperation with creative professionals located in the major fashion hubs of the world. The campaigns are designed to be clear and simple and aim to inform their customers of what is new at HM. All of the campaigns show the season’s designs and the price of the clothes pictured. The advertisements that they produce are largely identical in all of their markets, but the media strategy is adapted to local requirements and conditions. Each season they strive to feature models with different looks, styles and cultural backgrounds to advertise their concepts for women, men, teenagers and children. Models are chosen in collaboration between internationally recognized agencies and their own representatives. As outlined in their advertising policy, the models depicted must portray the current fashion in a positive and healthy manner. The company deliberately distances itself from drug and alcohol abuse, and will not use models that do not portray HM in a way that is in accordance with that policy. Special guidelines for advertising of their children’s concepts HM has special guidelines for the advertising of their children’s concepts. The target audience is parents, not children, and they place advertisements in media that are not aimed directly at children. Children who take part in their campaigns must take part of their own free will. If children are cast in a photo shoot, there is always an HM representative present to ensure the safety of the children and to maintain a professional environment. Cause related marketing They also run cause-related marketing campaigns such as Fashion Against Aids, aiming to raise awareness of HIV/AIDS among young target groups. 5. HM promotion strategy To promote the company and its products, HM uses video advertisements, print advertisements and the concept of e-marketing. These promotion and communication strategies tend to meet the consumers from different places anywhere in the world, especially those from the target markets or the consumers in the working place. Moreover, since the trend in the market place today is the usage of e-marketing, the company will provide a website that any client can access. The use of the Internet is changing high-tech marketing overnight while different industries have been trying to use it as part of their marketing strategy. It does not only reconfigured the way different firms do business and the way the consumers buy goods and services but it also becomes instrumental in transforming the value chain from manufacturers to retailers to consumers, creating a new retail distribution channel. E-marketing is a powerful tool used by different business organizations around the world. It is defined as the process of achieving marketing objectives through the use of electronic communications technology. E-marketing is also known to be the online marketing strategy utilized by different companies whose objective is to be the best company in their field. Thus, the HM will create its own website (www. hm. com). The main objective of utilizing e-marketing strategy is to keep in touch to different internet users to be able to attract more clients and consumers. All in all, through the website, whether the user is a customer, employee, stockholders, vendors, retailers or end customers, the true strength of e-marketing is acceleration of the business portfolio. While the company does utilize the digital world to a certain extent, there are three main objectives which could greatly aid in the improvement of its online initiatives. These objectives include increasing HM brand recognition; restricting and reorganizing its website to improve conversion rates and overall sales; and building user engagement and loyalty online by improving customer service through social media platforms. 6. HM in social media Through social media, HM can Inspire, Inform and Interact with customers, wherever they are in the world. These three are the main objectives in the social media policy of HM. HM has established a strong social media presence that will only continue to grow. It has added a Social Media Room to their website. Here, anyone can browse through what everyday consumers are saying about the brand in the social networks and blogs. Today, it is part of its customers’ daily life through its pages on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Google+ and YouTube as well as the Chinese social networks Youku and Sina Weibo. Each network is updated on a regular basis. Through social media, millions of HM fans and followers share ideas and opinions and get quick answer to their queries. New fashion videos and reports are uploaded onto YouTube weekly and have already been seen more than 30 million times. Through the HM apps, customers can explore the latest collections and campaigns, find out what’s new at HM and locate their stores. At the launch in August 2010, the iPhone app was the most downloaded application in almost all of HM’s markets. a. HM on Facebook 14,314,214 people like the page, while 297,428 talk about it and 230,409 reported they were in the shop. Meaning there’s at least two categories of people, those who are just fans of the brand, and those who actively like it, share about it, and are proud and able to report when they were in. The page is very active, and gains 100 000 new likes on average each day. On Facebook HM publishes mostly looks, styles and pictures. It asks for opinions, focusing on one particular product or type of product, and generates interaction around those topics they launched. So it does indirect promotion, through tips, advices, opinions asking, and also by offering some goodies, as for now, customized summer postcards. The reactions depends on the posts and their nature (whether it is a new product, posters from the campaign, or opinions asking) but globally, it has about 5,000 likes in average. When it is about opinion concerning a style or a product, the comments are numerous, about 600. When it’s only about promotion, generally meaning a picture and a link to the website, the comments are less than 100. HM is at the basis a banal clothes brand, relatively cheap. So they need to create and entertain the image they want to have, that would give value to the brand, and take away the cheap store chains image. By creating content, and posting about specific events, they want to relate their brand to a certain image, by associating their brand and products into a certain way of living, a certain way of thinking, through events, cultural or fashion. HM Landing Page As with all brand pages in Timeline, the first thing a visitor to the HM page will see is the wall. HM makes good use of the more visual nature of Timeline and the page pops with images from their latest collections. However, the page comes across as very product heavy. The channel functions more as an information source than a truly interactive page. In essence, the wall reads like a catalogue – visually appealing, but lacking the human factor that sets social media apart from other media. Its page also includes links to several tools housed on the company’s main website, HM. com: Project Black Book HM’s collaboration with 18-year-old designer Andre Lorenz Stock to create a line of t-shirts featuring images of everyday people. Andre and HM have asked fans to submit photos by e-mail to [emailprotected] com. HM Fashion Studio An interactive tool where users style looks on male or female models of their choice, choosing from a huge variety of HM clothing, shoes, and accessories. Color options, price, size availability, and collection origin are shown for each item. HM Fashion Video Videos take viewers behind the scenes for a glimpse at up-and-coming clothing collections, to the streets of cities such as Paris for a look at what the locals are wearing, and to the desk of HM designers. Fashion Against Aids It can be seen that the community is active through another tab of the HM page. It is the Fashion Against Aids page, where users share their kisses pictures, to contribute to a $1 donation to AIDS association. In there, for about 17,000 pictures, there are more than 118,500 likes and 4,700 comments. HM Contests Trendsetting is crucial for the fashion industry and nothing is more important than finding out what the kids are wearing these days (be it fanny packs, funky scarves or colored denim). In an effort to engage its audience and provide galleries of fashion trends, HM developed two different global contests that focused on photos, sharing and vote gathering. HM Trend Scouts 2012 To find the trendsetters from across the world, HM created a contest, called Trend Scouts, where users submitted photos and shared fashion stories, inspirations and favorite trends, creating a user-friendly gallery of unique, global fashion trends. The people who garnered the most votes were put in front of a panel of famous fashion judges who selected the 2012 Trend Scouts. These winners attended the Roskilde Festival in Denmark (July 5-8), where they received a special assignment to take photos of the coolest outfits and styles at the festival. These photos were uploaded to the Facebook page and the Trend Scout with the most votes on their photo won the grand prize of an HM gift card for 1,000 Euros. The contest page has a fantastic image gallery; however, it’s missing an opportunity for sharing and fan engagement. Although there are share buttons on each entry, they generate a generic message asking people to enter the contest, not vote for the trendsetter, which could be the reason some of the winners only have two votes. HM Summer Spot The second contest is more generic and doesn’t focus on trends or fashion, instead focusing on visually appealing photos of fans’ favorite summer spots – creating a lower barrier to entry, which should drive more traffic. Though HM Summer Spot contest is on Facebook, the contest is actually held on Instagram. Fans submit a geo-targeted photo of their favorite summer spot with the hashtag #HMSummerSpot. The Facebook app is programmed to automatically pull photos with the hashtag into the app. People who submit photos are automatically entered to be one of five lucky winners of a $200 HM gift card. On the tab, fans are able to learn about the contest and Instagram, as well as explore other fans photos and where they were taken. While the contest is held on Instagram, HM does a great job of bringing the two channels together. Instagram provides a great platform to curate visually appealing photos, while Facebook allows for better fan engagement. While fans can share the photos with their friends on Facebook, HM didn’t provide users the opportunity to share with their other networks. With the clothing retailer utilizing so many different social channels, it’s surprising they missed the opportunity for increased views and engagement. HM’s Autumn Collection 2013 This app that it used to live stream its Paris fashion show in February. It promoted the live stream with several posts inviting fans to enjoy â€Å"an exclusive front row seat† and a highlights package is still available on its Facebook page. Though live streaming through Facebook isn’t necessarily a new idea, it is a good way of rewarding fans and giving them a reason to navigate to the brand page. HM E-Gift Cards E-Gift cards are wonderful and can save you when you accidentally miss a friend’s birthday. HM made it even easier for you by creating a tab that lets you purchase your HM gift card right on Facebook. So when Facebook reminds you it’s your friend’s birthday you can write on their wall and send them an e-gift card via Facebook or email. And, when you go to check out, you receive a friendly reminder of all your Facebook friends who have birthday’s coming up. You’ll never miss one again! HM Historical Timeline No longer will you need to search Wikipedia to find out when ‘M by Madonna’ launched at HM (which was 2007, just in case you were wondering). HM has taken advantage of Facebook Timeline and provided its fans with a detailed history, featuring all of its special collections from its foundation in 1947 to now. This is a great visual representation of how fashion has changed over the years and who the company’s influencers have been. This is especially appealing to all the fashionistas out there who love fashion history. HM Wall Engagement HM could benefit from engaging its audience more. Fans are sharing content and discussing their likes and dislikes on the page and thus the brand is successful in communication with its customers. HM are also doing a decent job responding to customers when they post questions to the wall – this helps foster brand loyalty and has the potential to drive sales to the stores. Finally, the use HM makes of Facebook is about both interaction and reputation. As they describe it, they use it to inspire and interact, but also inform, meaning they are willing to be the leader of a specific image. b. HM on Twitter HM opened his Twitter account in March 2008, meaning they’re on this media for 5 years now, while Twitter is just beginning his very large expansion. We can then say they are quite early adopters. Today, they have 1,917,719 followers, while they follow 186 accounts and they tweeted 6,1803 times. HM has created separate Twitter feeds for each of the local markets in which it operates, but each one uses the same background and header image so the branding is obviously closely controlled. HM tends to answer more than singly to post. They answer questions mainly about services, openings of new stores, but also tips for ways of wearing certain product. They use Twitter as a customer services in one side, but also to conquer new markets. Announcing new openings planned, making buzz around services they provide, they create a very close relation with their customers, and also obtain promises of customers that aren’t yet able to buy HM products, because of location problems mainly. It means they succeeded to create a trust relation with their clients and they are entertaining them by tweeting news, but also styles and products. Twitter is, in its nature, a micro-blogging platform that doesn’t allow hard promotion through long texts. In there, HM discuss with their customers directly, and set up a close relation with them by answering personally. In this way, they sound more accessible, and of course improve their image. It is also a way for them to be present in the social media background. In fact, by generating interaction, people talk to you, and you gain in visibility. One noteworthy Twitter campaign by HM recently was a QA with brand ambassador David Beckham. The footballer responded to around 30 questions from fans using the hashtag #AskBeckham, including queries about his fashion mistakes, plans for the future and his favorite goal. This is a great use of Twitter as it gives fans a unique opportunity to speak to a global celebrity, though it obviously required HM to spend millions on sponsorship. So, Twitter is completely about interacting with people, one of the HM social media policy. In this way they also gain in reputation by getting closer to their customers. c. HM on YouTube and Instagram 41,306 are subscribed to the HM YouTube channels and videos have been seen 32,397,457 times. The channel is composed of four tabs: HM Life, HM on TV, Campaigns and Local. HM has 643,396 followers and follows 124 on Instagram. HM on TV is a summary of all the TV campaigns HM launched. Local is more about the events that happened, as opening, or pop-up stores. It is about keeping a trace of these events, and allow people to see what happened. HM Life and Campaigns are more axed to influence customers. In fact, it is about creating a

Unwanted Integration essays

Unwanted Integration essays In the early 1950's, racial segregation in public schools was the standard across America. Although all the schools in a given district were supposed to be equal, most black schools were greatly inferior to their white equal. The Supreme Court's Brown v. Board of Education decision did not put an end to segregation in other public areas, such as restaurants and restrooms, nor did it require integration of public schools by a specific time. It did, however, state the lenient or mandatory segregation that existed in 21 states unconstitutional. It was a giant step towards complete desegregation of public schools. Even partial integration of these schools, however, was still very far away, as would soon become apparent. The United States Constitution promises Freedom and equal opportunity to the people of the United States. Unfortunately, the basic rights that people deserve have not always been shown throughout history to people who are of any other than white race. In the Brown v. Board of Education documents, communication and new ideas of integraton were talked about generously in an attempt to try to ease the feelings of the white American public. The Daily News from Jackson Missippi had an article headed, Bloodstains On White Marble Steps and in this aricle the write expressed his feelings on how horrible integration in schools would be for the Amercian public. He said, White and Negro children in the same schools leads to miscegenation. Miscegenation leads to mixed marriages and mixed marriages lead to mongrelization of the human race. Although one man wrote this, this was a fear that lived in many Americans then and even today. White Americans were clearly upset and scared that they after all these years now had to change their ways of living. The white race now had to send their children to school with the children of slaves or ex-slaves. This was an outrage, but it was necessary if the Americ ...

What does it mean to become a nurse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

What does it mean to become a nurse - Essay Example The goal of this essay is to clearly define what a â€Å"nurse† really means literally along with his responsibilities and duties. Also, there will be a brief definition on the meaning of a â€Å"nurse† to people according to the common grounds of experience. One can just think of the benefits of having a private nurse inside his home. It is a combination of a mother and a care giver at the same time. It can’t be denied that the certainty of one getting well especially for a person who is sick not only relies on the doctor who gives prescriptions but also to the one who counts the time and gives him the medicine with care and with a longing of him getting, that is none other than a nurse. (AOS, pp 1)But more than the idea or the image of a woman wearing plain white suit who is always beside a doctor or beside a dying person at the hospital, a nurse is also a symbol of charity and true care for more than the issue on salary, the time that they devote into helping patients is more than the time ordinary employees spend in their offices. (AOS, pp. 2)I asked many people (nurses) why they devote time taking care of those who are sick and why can’t they just take care of themselves. The common answer was, â€Å"It feels good to be part of one person’s life in a way that you help them survive from a medical problem.† The vagueness of this answer can of course be told by a nurse and nobody else for the experience is unique and the risks encountered are for the ones who really risk their lives to help others, our nurses. That is just one good reason why anyone would choose to become a nurse. What then are the responsibilities of these nurses in the first place To start with the basic, they do the caring and advising for the sick person. They, just like the doctors maintain the health of their patients so that as much as possible, no further complications will arise. Then, with the prescription given by the physician or the doctor, the nurse takes charge and initiates the continuance of the patient's wellness and examples of this can be through giving the right dosage of medicine to the sick person based on the doctor's advice. The nurse also is the one who takes note or jots down the changes and or result of the drugs that were taken and through this, the doctor can make or can arrive on a decision on the condition of the patient. This isn't easy at all for sometimes, if the condition is critical, the nurse needs to be on call and should be ready anytime to write these changes. That leaves them with no idle time for themselves, although this factor should really be consi dered before entering the said profession. (AOS, pp. 2) In addition to this, the delegation of task is also in the name of a nurse where she can also assign to others the duties that she may not be able to accomplish. In order for the needs to be answered, he also tries to check every single bit of information that may be of use to the patient along with the kinds of resolution being made. If there is a hard condition such as being assigned to a special or intensive care, it is also possible that a nurse may not have enough knowledge on the condition but this is where the nurse's instinct comes in and with the help of her trainings and knowledge learned from experience, she survives along with her flexibility. (AOS, pp. 2) On the other hand, based on the Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses in Australia which contains the standards that are expected to be met by the nurses in the said place, the main idea for a nurse to become who she

The impact of EU membership on Finland Research Paper

The impact of EU membership on Finland - Research Paper Example In the table above, it is clear that the main Exports as per the latest statistics in 2011 coming from Finland include; Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials (75.53 %), animal and vegetable oils, waxes and fats (77.21% ) and manufactured goods classified by their materials used to make them (65.13 %). As it is stated, this trend follows the government’s initiatives to set aside more money and resources in the above sectors in general. Considering the case of vegetable and animal oils, fats and waxes, the increased exports can also be attributed to the effort by the farmers to employ modern practices when it comes to products such as agricultural machinery, modern inputs, improved seed and animal variety, and the use of chemical insecticides and fertilizers. The Chemical industry in Finland which has emerged as its largest industry sector has facilitated the large exports witnessed in lubricants, mineral fuels and manufactured goods as the industry produces a wide ran ge of products that are used by another industrial sector such as agriculture, oil products, paints, petrochemicals, plastics and environmental products. Finland’s manufacturing industry has been remarkable in the recent producing some of the best products in the market hence the large exports witnessed in the manufactured goods. Some of the notable manufactured goods include mobile phones by Nokia, paper products by Stora Enso, oil products by Neste Oil and cruise ships by Aker Finnnyards. Its exports have also been facilitated by its sophisticated financial

Health Literacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Health Literacy - Essay Example The websites have authority because they include the people responsible for their content such as verifying the legitimacy of the website and authors’ qualification for writing health journals and articles (Eysenbach, 2002). In terms of coverage, the websites successfully address the topics clearly and provide supporting evidence for any assertions made. Websites that address pharmacy concerns include http://www.diahome.org/en-US.aspx, https://www.medicare.gov/ and http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/DrugShortages/. The websites are very objectives because their content is supported by evidence and is not biased. They are updated regularly and the content displayed is current, with dates posted and updated indicated within the web pages. They are well maintained, with user friendly features that allow easy navigation. Websites that address health care topics include https://www.dshs.state.tx.us/cshcn/, https://www.healthcare.gov/ and http://www.hrsa.gov/. They cover the topics comprehensively, and present supportive evidence for arguments. They address information needs of their target audience in a simple manner. The websites appear organize with links that open quickly to display content (Eysenbach, 2002). The sites appear well maintained and often updated to maintain currency of their content. Websites addressing health concerns include: https://www.healthconcerns.com/, http://www.mentalhealthconcern.org/ and http://explorehealthcareers.org/en/issues/policy. These sites are accurate because they list the sources of factual information and avoid grammatical errors. They are objective in that the information provided is free from. The sites cover the topics comprehensively, addressing key areas in a brief but precise way. They avoid medical jargon to make their content easy to understand for all

Applications Of Chemical Equilibrium In Industrial Processes Environmental Sciences Essay

Applications Of Chemical Equilibrium In Industrial Processes Environmental Sciences Essay From the simple processes of dissolution and crystallization in a saturated sugar solution to a complicated industrial process of oxidation and reduction in industry chemical equilibrium plays a major role. Chemical equilibrium is the balance in the rate of two opposing reversible reactions with no change applied to the system with applied constant pressure and temperature. In a system where carbon monoxide is reacting with oxygen gas to form carbon dioxide there will be quantity of carbon monoxide left in the solution for as long as the reaction is placed. This is due to this reaction being a reversible reaction, although carbon monoxide and oxygen gas are synthesizing to form carbon dioxide, a contradicting reversible reaction is taking place, the decomposition of carbon dioxide to form carbon monoxide and oxygen gas. Figure 1: Chemical EquilibriumAs shown in Figure 1, in a reversible process, the rate of reaction for products turning into reactants [forward reaction] slows down as more reactants are changed into products simultaneously the rate of reaction of products changing into reactants [backwards reaction] speeds up. At a certain time for a specific temperature and pressure, the rate of reaction for both would be equal with no further change in the system.reaction-rate-time-graph.gif Still, when the system is under influence of a change in temperature or pressure the reversible reaction would be affected. Le Chateliers principle generalizes this in if a system in equilibrium is subjected to a stress the equilibrium will shift in the direction which tends to relive the stress. (Le Chateliers Principle) If the system is under the influence of a temperature altering the system will oppose this change. If an increase in temperature causes the increase in the rate of an endothermic reaction then the system will oppose this reaction by lowering the temperature thus favoring the endothermic reaction. Similarly, if the decrease in temperature increases the rate of the endothermic reaction, then the system opposes this stress by favoring the exothermic reaction. Pressure, is another variable contributing in affecting the state of equilibrium that affects gaseous reaction only. If an increase in pressure is applied, then the system opposes this change by aiming to lower the pressure favoring the side with less gas molecules. Likewise, if a decrease in pressure is applied then the system opposes this change by increasing the pressure favoring the side with more gaseous molecules. Several process in industry depend on Le Chateliers principle, the Haber-Posch process, the contact process, and the Ostwald process. In the Haber process nitrogen gas from air reacts with hydrogen gas from natural gas [mainly methane] in order to provide ammonia gas. Since ammonia is a crucial substance in agriculture for the manufacturing of fertilizers it is vital to produce as much as possible in the lowest time possible. N2(g) + 3 H2(g) is in equilibrium with 2 NH3(g) ΆH=-92KJ mol-1 The previous equation shows the chemical equation for the formation of ammonia. In order to obtain the highest amount of ammonia the reaction needs to be stimulated forward. An increase in pressure would influence the system. By increasing the pressure, the system will oppose this stress by decreasing the pressure favoring the side with less gas molecules thus the forward reaction providing more ammonia gas. The process takes place in a pressure of 200 atm. Since enthalpy of reaction is negative, then the forward reaction is an exothermic reaction. To induce the system into manufacturing further ammonia gas the temperature needs to be lowered. Yet, the low temperature would cause fewer collisions between particles causing the process to take more time. A compromise is put into action. The temperature is increased to 400-450ËÅ ¡C with adding an iron catalyst. The iron catalyst works on lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur thus ensuring that reaction takes time in as short time period as possible. (Clark,1) Nitrogen gas is easily liquefied under high pressures and is collected separating it from nitrogen and hydrogen gas which are recycled. Similar to the Haber Process, the contact process is an exothermic reaction in which sulphur dioxide gas is oxidized to produce sulphur trioxide, an initial step into forming sulphuric acid. (Clark,1) 2 SO2(g) + O2(g) is in equilibrium with2 SO3(g) ΆH=-197KJ mol-1 In this process also, a high temperature of around 400-450ËÅ ¡C is used with vanadium pentaoxide catalyst and a high pressure of 100-200kPa. In addition, the Ostwald process is in which nitric acid is formed in several steps; the oxidation of ammonia is a highly exothermic reaction which takes place in it. (Clark,1) 4 NH3(g) + 5 O2(g) is in equilibrium with4 NO2(g) + 6 H2O(g) Ά=-950KJ mol-1 To insure the highest possible amount of nitrogen dioxide formed a high pressure is used, with a great temperature of 900ËÅ ¡C and a platinum-rhodium catalyst. (Clark,1) Although sufficient solutions to producing essential products were obtained, limitations are found when considering the economic factor. In the contact process, using a platinum catalyst would be more efficient but since it is highly expensive and susceptible to poisoning thus the platinum-rhodium catalyst is used. Moreover, high pressure is expensive to produce. First, extremely strong pipes and containment vessels need to be built to withstand such pressure, and the maintenance and running of high pressures are costly. (Clark,1) Nitric acid is widely used in jewelry industry, when combined with hydrochloric acid it forms Aqua Regia, a reagent that is capable of dissolving important metals such as gold and platinum. It was often used in 1940 and 1965 as an oxidizer in liquid-propellant rocket engines. (Article Trader) The Haber process has been identified as environmentally destructive. It abrupt the nitrogen cycle, pollutes ground water, and increases the levels of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide, a potential greenhouse gas. Yet, if it wasnt for nitrogen fertilizers farmers wouldnt be able to prosperous as much. Sulphuric acid may show signs of harm and injury on plants reducing yield of certain crops, it may also dissolve in water droplets in clouds causing acid rain. It results in the damaging of wildlife and vegetation. Acid rain close to ground level can also cause damaging to building and statutes. On the other hand, sulphuric acid may reduce the invasion of pests or fungal diseases on plants causing plants to become healthier. Likewise, Nitric acid plays a major role in agriculture forming ammonium nitrate fertilizers. (Environment Agency) In the health factor, the excessive exposure to sulphur dioxide may harm the eyes lungs and throat. Furthermore, nitric acid is highly corrosive to the eyes, skin, and mucous membrane. (Environment Agency)Contact with dilute nitric acid concentrations may cause skin irritation, deep painful burns, and hardening of epidermis, while eye contact may cause severe burns and permanent damage. Inhalation of high concentrations may cause respiratory irritations with possible fatal effects. Ingestion of nitric acid results in the burning and corrosion of mouth, throat, and stomach. A dose of 10mL is fatal to humans. (Article Trader) Science has proven to bring forth various solutions. Chemistry is no separate part of industry. It provides it with the most suitable and contemptible answers. Chemical equilibrium plays a major role in aiding to provide the utmost concentration of product needed. Several conflicts and damaging factors might be the result of such industrial processes but are all main reason behind erecting and the prosperity of the human society.

Comparison Between The Crucible by Arthur Miller and Vinegar Tom by C.

Comparison Between The Crucible by Arthur Miller and Vinegar Tom by C. Churchill We are currently performing a piece of drama called 'The Crucible' and have studied a play called 'Vinegar Tom'. 'The Crucible' was written by Arthur Miller in 1953 and was set in Salem, Massachusetts USA in 1692. 'Vinegar Tom' was written in the 1970's and was set in the 17th century. Although 'Vinegar Tom' was written about the 17th century, the ideas parallel those of the issues of the 1970's. The issue was feminism. Although women were beginning to work the same jobs as men, their wages were drastically different, with men being paid a lot more for the same job. More women started to go to university in order to gain the qualifications that would enable them to do the jobs that men did. Some parts of the play reflect the feminist issues that were happening at the time the story was written. In 'The Crucible' the issues surrounding the time of when the play was written was McCarthyism. Arthur Miller was interested not only in the Salem witch trials, but also the more current affairs of the USA. The opposing look on communism sparked a massive conspiracy theory that set neighbours, friends and family against each other. People were accused of being communists, and, in order to free their name and the risk of being blacklisted, they had to give the names of other that were communists. This set off a long chain of innocent people that were accused by people trying to free t...

Middlemarch

One of the central themes that runs through Middlemarch is that of marriage. Indeed, it has been argued that Middlemarch can be construed as a treatise in favor of divorce. I do not think that this is the case, although there are a number of obviously unsuitable marriages. If it had been Elliot's intention to write about such a controversial subject, I believe she would not have resorted to veiling it in a novel.She illustrates the different stages of relationships that her characters undergo, from courtship through to marriage, George Eliot had pondered enough about the position nd the portrayal of women in Victorian society, and the various responses different types of women elicit. Probably this had enabled Eliot to sketch and embed in her novel, charming characters such as Dorothea and Rosamond, two very different women who reflected in them the different tunes of the times. Their ideas would be echoed and supported in the works of other writers in this era.Up until this time, ma rriage had been thought and been written about to be a method for men to control women and allow them to be dependent and subservient rather than to search for love. To highlight the cause of women, Eliot made a rather calculated move and brought in marriage as a very important theme in Middlemarch. Marriage, central to the lives of women in Victorian society becomes the canvas on which her two characters bloom. Thus, she illustrates the different stages of relationships that her characters undergo, from courtship through to marriage.A fellow mortal with whose nature you are acquainted with solely through the brief entrances and exits of a few imaginative weeks called courtship, may, when seen in the continuity of married companionship, be disclosed as something better or worse han what you have preconceived, but will certainly not appear altogether the same. (Eliot, 193) She not only includes the new couples (Fred and Mary, Celia and Chettam), but also the older ones (the Garths an d the Cadwalladers and the Bulstrodes), as well as widowhood (Dorothea).But because of the strength, depth and diversity in Dorothea and Rosamond, they remain brightest even as the story unfolds a nuptial kaleidoscope through various couples. The marriage that would seem most in need of a divorce was that between Dorothea and Casaubon- which ironically, is the ne that would last the longest if divorce had been available. Dorothea would not, indeed could not divorce Casaubon because of her honesty and the strength of her idealism. Despite the fact that Casaubon is clearly unsuitable, she still goes ahead with the marriage.It can be said that Dorothea represents the antithesis of Casaubon, where he his cold and severe, she is warm and friendly. Indeed, they are portrayed in clearly different ways: Dorothea represents light and life, while Casaubon is darkness and death. To Mr. Brooke, Casaubon is â€Å"buried in books,† to Sir James he seems a â€Å"mummy' who has â€Å"not a drop of red blood in him (Eliot, 447). † The very thought that Dorothea has come to be engaged to him causes Celia to start to grieve.Everything about Casaubon issues from this basic metaphor. His appearance – a pa id complexion, deep eye sockets, iron-grey hair, makes his head look like a skull. Indeed, his proposal to Dorothea, in which his affection is introduced in parenthesis, shows that he is emotionally dead. Eliot could not have been precise on such matters, but he may be sexually impotent, for Dorothea is found â€Å"sobbing bitterly' on her oneymoon in Rome, and it may not simply be his deficiencies as a scholar that account for her disappointment.It is not love that attracts Dorothea to the corpse-like Casaubon, but rather her sense of duty; her desire to be like one of Milton's daughters. Dorothea, orphaned at a young age, would seem to long for a husband who can fill the role of the father she lost. In this era, there was a lot of pressure for women to ac t in order to please the father of the family. In this case Dorothea shares this desire to obey what she believes her father's wishes would be in order to be a good daughter.Just as Eliot is stating a satirical example on the concept of pleasing patriarchal fgures, this idea was touched upon in Mary Wollstonecraft's Vindication of the Rights of Women in which Wollstonecraft wrote, â€Å"obeying a parent only on account of his being a parent, shackles the mind, and prepares it for a slavish submission to any power but reason (153). † In this segment, Mary is trying to emphasize that teaching children to obey without question will cause a blindness as they reach adulthood that will prevent them from making decisions that are better off for their happiness in life.This can be seen in Dorothea's choice in marrying Casaubon. Casaubon's age is no deterrence; indeed she would rather marry a teacher / father fgure than a romantic person at the beginning of the novel. She learns, thou gh, that this is a bad idea, and so finds herself attracted to Ladislaw. She is so possessed with the idea of contributing to the good of humanity through the assistance she can offer Casaubon, she does not even notice how patronizing and self-centered he is. Middlemarch One of the central themes that runs through Middlemarch is that of marriage. Indeed, it has been argued that Middlemarch can be construed as a treatise in favor of divorce. I do not think that this is the case, although there are a number of obviously unsuitable marriages. If it had been Elliot's intention to write about such a controversial subject, I believe she would not have resorted to veiling it in a novel.She illustrates the different stages of relationships that her characters undergo, from courtship through to marriage, George Eliot had pondered enough about the position nd the portrayal of women in Victorian society, and the various responses different types of women elicit. Probably this had enabled Eliot to sketch and embed in her novel, charming characters such as Dorothea and Rosamond, two very different women who reflected in them the different tunes of the times. Their ideas would be echoed and supported in the works of other writers in this era.Up until this time, ma rriage had been thought and been written about to be a method for men to control women and allow them to be dependent and subservient rather than to search for love. To highlight the cause of women, Eliot made a rather calculated move and brought in marriage as a very important theme in Middlemarch. Marriage, central to the lives of women in Victorian society becomes the canvas on which her two characters bloom. Thus, she illustrates the different stages of relationships that her characters undergo, from courtship through to marriage.A fellow mortal with whose nature you are acquainted with solely through the brief entrances and exits of a few imaginative weeks called courtship, may, when seen in the continuity of married companionship, be disclosed as something better or worse han what you have preconceived, but will certainly not appear altogether the same. (Eliot, 193) She not only includes the new couples (Fred and Mary, Celia and Chettam), but also the older ones (the Garths an d the Cadwalladers and the Bulstrodes), as well as widowhood (Dorothea).But because of the strength, depth and diversity in Dorothea and Rosamond, they remain brightest even as the story unfolds a nuptial kaleidoscope through various couples. The marriage that would seem most in need of a divorce was that between Dorothea and Casaubon- which ironically, is the ne that would last the longest if divorce had been available. Dorothea would not, indeed could not divorce Casaubon because of her honesty and the strength of her idealism. Despite the fact that Casaubon is clearly unsuitable, she still goes ahead with the marriage.It can be said that Dorothea represents the antithesis of Casaubon, where he his cold and severe, she is warm and friendly. Indeed, they are portrayed in clearly different ways: Dorothea represents light and life, while Casaubon is darkness and death. To Mr. Brooke, Casaubon is â€Å"buried in books,† to Sir James he seems a â€Å"mummy' who has â€Å"not a drop of red blood in him (Eliot, 447). † The very thought that Dorothea has come to be engaged to him causes Celia to start to grieve.Everything about Casaubon issues from this basic metaphor. His appearance – a pa id complexion, deep eye sockets, iron-grey hair, makes his head look like a skull. Indeed, his proposal to Dorothea, in which his affection is introduced in parenthesis, shows that he is emotionally dead. Eliot could not have been precise on such matters, but he may be sexually impotent, for Dorothea is found â€Å"sobbing bitterly' on her oneymoon in Rome, and it may not simply be his deficiencies as a scholar that account for her disappointment.It is not love that attracts Dorothea to the corpse-like Casaubon, but rather her sense of duty; her desire to be like one of Milton's daughters. Dorothea, orphaned at a young age, would seem to long for a husband who can fill the role of the father she lost. In this era, there was a lot of pressure for women to ac t in order to please the father of the family. In this case Dorothea shares this desire to obey what she believes her father's wishes would be in order to be a good daughter.Just as Eliot is stating a satirical example on the concept of pleasing patriarchal fgures, this idea was touched upon in Mary Wollstonecraft's Vindication of the Rights of Women in which Wollstonecraft wrote, â€Å"obeying a parent only on account of his being a parent, shackles the mind, and prepares it for a slavish submission to any power but reason (153). † In this segment, Mary is trying to emphasize that teaching children to obey without question will cause a blindness as they reach adulthood that will prevent them from making decisions that are better off for their happiness in life.This can be seen in Dorothea's choice in marrying Casaubon. Casaubon's age is no deterrence; indeed she would rather marry a teacher / father fgure than a romantic person at the beginning of the novel. She learns, thou gh, that this is a bad idea, and so finds herself attracted to Ladislaw. She is so possessed with the idea of contributing to the good of humanity through the assistance she can offer Casaubon, she does not even notice how patronizing and self-centered he is.

Climate Essays - Atmospheric Thermodynamics, Psychrometrics, Climate

Climate Essays - Atmospheric Thermodynamics, Psychrometrics, Climate Climate In order to investigate the effects of geography on climate, I selected two cities, both on the same continent, both at approximately the same latitude, and both on major bodies of water. I compared the monthly temperature and precipitation averages of New York City with the monthly temperature and precipitation averages of San Francisco. I also recorded the daily temperatures of the two cities over the course of three months. What I found is reflected in this report. New York City and San Francisco are very similar. New York is at 38? north latitude and San Francisco is located at 41? north Latitude. Each borders an ocean. New York is on the east coast of the United States, on the Atlantic Ocean; San Francisco is on the west coast, on the Pacific Ocean. New York?s climate varies widely during the year. The temperature rises to the middle 90?s ? Fahrenheit in the summer and drops to single digits in the winter. New York averages about 45 inches of precipitation per year. In San Francisco, the temperature rises to over 100? Fahrenheit. By comparison, the temperature usually does not drop below 20? Fahrenheit. San Francisco receives little rain compared to New York, only about 15 inches of precipitation per year, about one-third of New York?s average. Heat is a result of insolation. Insolation is radiation from the sun. Intensity of insolation goes down as the latitude of an area increases. Thus, a location at 10? north latitude will receive more intense insolation than a location at 75? north latitude. As intensity of insolation goes up, the temperature will increase. Air pressure measures the amount of force exerted on the air. Air pressure goes up as the temperature goes up. New York?s average monthly temperature varies very much. The highest average temperature is 76? Fahrenheit, in July; the lowest average temperature is 31? Fahrenheit, in January. San Francisco?s average temperature does not vary as much. The highest average temperature is 61? Fahrenheit, in September; the lowest average temperature per month is 47? Fahrenheit, in December. New York?s average temperature per month varies very much more than San Francisco?s. Water moderates temperature. A city close to an ocean will have cooler summers and warmer winters. Both New York and San Francisco border water. Most of New York City is an island in the Atlantic Ocean. San Francisco is on the Pacific Ocean. The temperatures in New York and San Francisco will, therefore, be moderated. Graph #1 shows the results of these affects on the temperature of New York and San Francisco. The dewpoint temperature is the temperature at which clouds form. If there is moisture in the air from evaporation and the air temperature meets dewpoint temperature, the moisture will condense to form clouds. When there are clouds, and the air pressure goes up, there is a chance of precipitation. Precipitation is likely because the air can not hold as much water. New York has more precipitation than San Francisco. New York?s temperature drops very far in the winter, and the cold air cannot hold as much water. San Francisco?s temperature does not drop as far, and so it can hold more water. In July and August, San Francisco averages no precipitation. There is not very much moisture in the air and the temperature does not go down very far, so it does not precipitate at all. Graph #2 shows the average amount of precipitation per month for New York and San Francisco. Graph #3 shows the high and low temperatures for each day of December, 1996, in New York and San Francisco. Graph #4 shows the high and low temperatures for each day of January, 1997, in New York and San Francisco. Graph #5 shows the high and low temperatures for each day of February, 1997, in New York and San Francisco. The graphs reflect erratic highs and lows because of different changes in the weather, which could be attributed to any atmospheric changes. For example, an approaching storm could make the temperature fall several degrees. New York and San Francisco are similar because they are both close to water and because both are at approximately the same latitude. The climates in the two cities, however, are very different. The temperature in San Francisco does not change very much compared to the temperature of New York, where the temperature differs very much, from month to month. New York receives much more precipitation than San Francisco. This is because the temperature does not dip down very far